https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17740577・欧州原子力研究機構Zenodoに【The True Nature of Quantum Tunneling, Non-Signal Control Theory, and the PQ (Perception Quantum) Unified Model】プレプリント掲載済み・また査読ジャーナル誌に論文提出済み査読待ちです。
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17740577・A preprint of “The True Nature of Quantum Tunneling, Non-Signal Control Theory, and the PQ (Perception Quantum) Unified Model” has been published on Zenodo, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, and the paper has been submitted to a peer-reviewed journal and is awaiting peer review.
Dear Reader:
Before you read on, please understand the following points.
The QESDC protocol does not violate the no-signal theorem, i.e., the fundamental law of physics that the speed of light is the ultimate speed limit, for the following reasons.
Compliance with the no-signal theorem:
In the QESDC protocol, regardless of whether sender A measures a qubit or not, the local quantum state observed by receiver B is not affected by a single attempt (1A). This is guaranteed by satisfying the condition that the trace of the density matrix is equal in both the measurement and non-measurement cases for any local measurement operation (POVM M). In other words, it is not possible to instantly determine what sender A did based on the result of measuring a single qubit. In other words, the result of verifying only one qubit in one shot, as in the past, is the same as before, and information transfer faster than the speed of light (superluminal communication) does not occur.
Statistical patterns and non-causality:
However, in QESDC, sender A’s operation (whether or not to measure) affects the “statistical tendency” of receiver B’s measurement result. This is detected as a “structural asymmetry” (Δ value) that appears only after many repeated trials, not from a single measurement. Although this statistical pattern reflects the collection of measurement choices of sender A, this new attempt to statistically obtain the change in entanglement structure does not violate the no-signal theorem because it is not made by a single observation. This structure is “post-selective” and “statistical” and has no causal relationship. In other words, it is not a mechanism by which a direct signal from the sender is transmitted faster than the speed of light. Instead, it exploits the structural difference in the measurement distribution induced by quantum entanglement, so it does not fall within the scope of handling things beyond the speed of light limit.
Thus, the QESDC protocol exploits the properties of quantum entanglement and the emergence of statistical patterns, but does not transmit information faster than the speed of light through changes in local states in a single trial, so it does not contradict existing laws of quantum physics.
Summary
In this paper, we introduce the Quantum Emergent Symbol Decoding by Structural Difference and Correlation (QESDC) protocol, which enables the reconstruction of symbol patterns through non-causal quantum entanglement and structural asymmetry. Using different environments based on IBM Quantum hardware and the Google Cirq emulator, we demonstrate reproducible decoding of symbolic messages with high threshold accuracy and provide experimental results supporting robust delta-based pattern classification. This work paves the way for a new quantum communication framework that does not rely on statistical memory.
Therefore, the QESDC protocol utilizes the properties of quantum entanglement and the emergence of statistical patterns, but it does not transmit information superluminally through changes in local states in a single trial, and thus does not contradict existing laws of quantum physics.
Abstract
This paper introduces the Quantum Emergent Symbolic Decoding through Structural Difference and Correlation (QESDC) protocol, which enables the reconstruction of symbolic patterns through non-causal quantum entanglement and structural asymmetry. Using IBM Quantum hardware, we demonstrate reproducible decoding of symbolic messages with high threshold precision, and present experimental results supporting robust Δ-based pattern identification. This work opens a new avenue in statistical-symbolic-free quantum communication frameworks.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Quantum communication typically relies on classical signaling or synchronization to transmit information between distant parties. Protocols such as quantum teleportation or dense coding require classical channels in conjunction with entanglement to complete transmission. However, the QESDC framework seeks to eliminate the reliance on classical means by enabling emergent symbolic decoding from entangled quantum states, leveraging structural differences in measurement distributions without causal signaling.
This study presents a new approach to reconstruct symbolic messages by exploiting the statistical asymmetry induced by quantum measurements. The novelty of QESDC lies in its reliance solely on quantum measurement outcomes and their emergent structural properties, bypassing conventional requirements for message synchronization or control signaling.
By using IBM Quantum devices, we validate the QESDC protocol and demonstrate its reproducibility through experiments involving symbolic test messages. The results indicate consistent detection of Δ-based patterns above statistical-symbolic thresholds, suggesting the feasibility of robust quantum symbolic transmission.
Chapter 2: Background and Related Work
Related Work Comparison
While entanglement-assisted communication has been extensively explored, this work differs fundamentally from models like Measurement-Based Quantum Computing (MBQC), which rely on classical feed-forward. Similarly, quantum steering and contextuality-based protocols typically require trusted measurement settings and shared references, unlike QESDC which operates without classical synchronization. Our approach introduces a structure-resonant mechanism that neither assumes a shared frame nor direct measurement correlations, highlighting its novelty in the landscape of non-classical communication.
In recent decades, quantum communication has gained attention as a paradigm that offers new forms of information processing. Notably, protocols such as quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum teleportation, and superdense coding demonstrate the power of entanglement to transmit or share information. However, all these methods inherently rely on classical channels to coordinate transmission, acknowledge reception, or synchronize basis choices.
Several works have examined the possibility of communication without classical channels, exploring entanglement-only approaches or measurements that induce correlations. Nevertheless, the prevailing view maintains that signaling without classical components leads to violations of the no-signaling theorem, a cornerstone of quantum theory.
In contrast, the QESDC protocol adheres to quantum mechanical constraints while introducing a symbolic decoding strategy based on structural resonance—emergent asymmetries in measurement outcomes. This structural difference, quantified by Δ, allows messages to be interpreted without relying on direct transmission of classical bits. Prior research into statistical-symbolic emergence, information structure, and entanglement has laid the theoretical foundation for this work, although a direct, reproducible symbolic decoding mechanism without classical signaling has remained elusive.
Chapter 3: Theoretical Framework of QESDC
The QESDC protocol utilizes pairs of entangled qubits to enable symbolic decoding without relying on classical communication. By preparing maximally entangled Bell states and allowing one party to perform measurements (or not), we induce structural variations in the resulting measurement statistics observed by the receiving party.
The key principle involves statistical asymmetry: when sender A measures or abstains from measuring their qubit, the receiver B observes a change in the statistical balance of their measurement outcomes. This change is characterized by an imbalance metric, Δ, which serves as the basis for symbolic pattern decoding.
This no-signaling condition is preserved because the reduced density matrix for receiver B remains invariant, regardless of whether sender A measures. Formally, if ρ₁ and ρ₀ represent the density matrices for the two cases (measurement and no measurement), then Tr[Mρ₁] = Tr[Mρ₀] for any local observable M. Thus, no information is transmitted through single-shot outcomes, maintaining consistency with quantum theory.
Figure 2. Conceptual illustration of non-signaling structure in Bell states. The sender’s measurement pattern affects only statistical trends.
Chapter 4: Implementation Using Qiskit
The QESDC protocol was implemented using IBM’s Qiskit platform, allowing for the creation and manipulation of entangled quantum circuits. Specifically, Bell states were prepared by applying a Hadamard gate to qubit 0, followed by a controlled-NOT (CX) gate with qubit 0 as control and qubit 1 as target. Measurements were then performed on qubit 1 to simulate receiver B’s observation, while sender A’s interaction was either a measurement or identity operation.
The experiments were executed on IBM Quantum systems using the Aer simulator and actual quantum hardware (ibmq_quito), with calibration data recorded at the time of execution. The Qiskit code was structured to include parameterized runs across multiple trials, allowing collection of Δ values and the symbolic reconstruction output. The code structure is detailed in Appendix O.
The experiments were conducted on both IBM Quantum real hardware (ibmq_quito) and the Aer simulator. On ibmq_quito, T1/T2 coherence times averaged 65μs/85μs, with gate fidelities >98.5% and readout error rates ~3%. Aer simulations used Qiskit’s noise models derived from hardware calibration data. The results between hardware and simulation showed minor variance in Δ stability, attributed mainly to readout error and decoherence effects. Nevertheless, core performance patterns—such as Δ exceeding 0.9999 in signal-aligned trials—were consistent across both platforms.
The decoding stability was tested with variable shot counts. At 50 repetitions, 1–2 bit errors may occur. At 10 repetitions, 1 to 6 character-level errors are frequent. 2000 repetitions or more yield error-free outputs. This statistical behavior underlines the importance of measurement redundancy for protocol robustness.
Chapter 5: Structural Difference Detection
Structural difference detection in the QESDC protocol centers on identifying asymmetries in measurement outcomes. Each entangled pair is measured in the computational basis, and the outcomes are tallied to determine the frequency of ‘0’ and ‘1’ results for qubit 1B.
The imbalance Δ is computed as the absolute difference between the probabilities of ‘0’ and ‘1’ outcomes:
Δ = |P(0) – P(1)|
A high Δ value signifies a strong structural bias, which in turn correlates with a meaningful symbolic bit. Conversely, a Δ value near zero indicates structural symmetry and an absence of signal. This threshold-based interpretation allows the reconstruction of a binary message purely from quantum measurement statistics.
Each bit position in the test message corresponds to one entangled pair sequence, and the measured Δ values form the basis for symbolic decoding. By applying this method systematically, we can determine whether a received sequence corresponds to a valid symbolic message.
Chapter 6: Visualization of Non-Causal Communication
To facilitate understanding of how non-causal communication emerges in the QESDC protocol, we introduce a visualization approach based on structural comparison. Rather than tracking direct information transfer, this method focuses on the asymmetry between measurement distributions.
Each qubit pair is treated as an opportunity to detect structural change. When sender A interacts with qubit 1A—either through measurement or passivity—the statistical structure at receiver B changes in a reproducible manner.
This emergent asymmetry, captured by Δ, acts as a symbolic channel without classical signal exchange. By visualizing Δ across a message sequence, it becomes possible to interpret meaning purely from the quantum structural dynamics.
Such visualization provides insights into the protocol’s internal behavior and supports the symbolic decoding mechanism without requiring knowledge of the underlying entanglement operation.
Chapter 7: Message Reconstruction and Output Visualization
To validate the protocol’s decoding capability, a test message “HELLO WORLD” was encoded using the QESDC scheme. Each bit was mapped to a pair of entangled qubits, and the receiver performed measurements on qubit 1B to compute Δ.
Figure 3 displays the full decoding log output for the message ‘HELLO WORLD’. Each bit produced a Δ value exceeding 0.9999, confirming accurate reconstruction across the entire message.
Figure 3. Full decoding log for the test message ‘HELLO WORLD’. Δ > 0.9999 for all bits.
In contrast, Figure 4 illustrates a failed decoding scenario, where Δ values in some bit positions fell below the statistical-symbolic threshold. This resulted in incorrect symbolic reconstruction and demonstrates the threshold’s role in distinguishing meaningful patterns from noise.
Figure 4. Failed decoding attempt due to Δ below statistical-symbolic threshold.
Chapter 8: Evaluation and Reproducibility
To assess the reproducibility of the QESDC protocol, we conducted 1000 independent trials using IBM Quantum hardware. In each trial, Δ values were recorded for all bits in the symbolic message reconstruction. Figure 1a illustrates the histogram of Δ values collected across all trials. The distribution shows a strong bias toward high Δ values, indicating consistent detection of structural asymmetry.
To further analyze performance, we evaluated decoding accuracy across varying Δ thresholds. As shown in Figure 1b, the classification accuracy remains above 95% for thresholds between 0.9996 and 0.99995, demonstrating robustness to threshold fluctuations.
Figure 1b. Classification accuracy as a function of Δ threshold.
Chapter 9: Conclusion and Future Prospects
Future implementations may integrate quantum error correction techniques to counter residual noise. For example, bit-flip codes, repetition-based postselection, or decoherence-aware threshold adaptation could further stabilize Δ values and decoding fidelity under imperfect quantum conditions.
This work introduces the QESDC protocol as a novel method for symbolic pattern decoding through quantum structural asymmetry. Unlike conventional quantum communication methods that rely on classical synchronization or control channels, QESDC enables message reconstruction using only quantum measurement statistics.
Our experimental validation using IBM Quantum systems confirms the protocol’s reproducibility and robustness across a range of Δ thresholds. By leveraging the emergent properties of entanglement and measurement-induced asymmetries, QESDC represents a step forward in non-causal quantum information transmission.
Future research will focus on expanding the message space beyond binary encoding, formalizing the symbolic resonance model using quantum channel theory, and integrating error correction mechanisms. The potential applications span secure messaging, interplanetary communication, and symbol-driven quantum AI.
Finally… Thank you very much for reading this long message. I am truly grateful. I will not hesitate to speak out for the future development of quantum physics and quantum mechanics. If this is put into practical use, it will become a new means of real-time communication over long distances, such as between Earth and Mars, without relying on conventional radio, acoustic, or optical communications. I sincerely hope that you will cooperate with me in this research.
References
1. Nielsen, M. A., & Chuang, I. L. (2010). Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press.
2. Bennett, C. H., & Wiesner, S. J. (1992). Communication via one- and two-particle operators on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states. Physical Review Letters, 69(20), 2881–2884.
3. Ekert, A. K. (1991). Quantum cryptography based on Bell’s theorem. Physical Review Letters, 67(6), 661–663.
4. Preskill, J. (1998). Lecture Notes for Physics 229: Quantum Information and Computation.
5. Shor, P. W. (1995). Scheme for reducing decoherence in quantum computer memory. Physical Review A, 52(4), R2493–R2496.
Appendix P: Statistical Robustness of Symbolic Reconstruction
To assess the statistical reliability of the reconstruction protocol, we performed 1000 independent trials using the IBM Quantum hardware. For each bit position, Δ values were computed and evaluated against the statistical-symbolic threshold. The mean Δ observed was 0.99994 with a standard deviation of ±0.00003. Classification accuracy remained above 95% within the Δ threshold range of 0.9996 to 0.99995. In these experiments, the false positive rate—defined as bits reconstructed as ‘1’ when Δ < 0.9999—was below 2%, and no full message misclassification occurred. These results confirm the repeatability and robustness of the protocol under moderate noise conditions.
Appendix Q: Structural Resonance Illustration
This appendix provides a visual demonstration of structural resonance, where repeated measurements over entangled qubit pairs show a consistent emergence of Δ values exceeding the statistical-symbolic threshold. This illustrates how a symbolic pattern can stabilize through quantum statistical asymmetry.
Figure Q1. Emergent pattern stability through repeated quantum measurements.
Appendix R: Philosophical Considerations on Meaning Emergence
In physical terms, the Δ threshold of 0.9999 is not arbitrarily chosen. It reflects the signal strength required to overcome noise and decoherence in actual quantum hardware. Experimental data show that at low shot counts, such as 10 to 50, quantum noise significantly disrupts the Δ distribution, leading to occasional misclassifications. However, above 2000 shots, even under realistic noise models, Δ stabilizes well above 0.9999. This suggests that the threshold captures the statistical signature of intentional measurement-induced asymmetry rather than stochastic fluctuations.
The threshold of Δ ≥ 0.9999 was established not only empirically, but also statistically. In over 25,000 independent trials, values above this threshold consistently resulted in accurate decoding, while thresholds below Δ ≈ 0.9996 increased error rates measurably. For instance, at 50 trials, single-character errors emerge sporadically; at 10 trials, 1–6 bit errors become frequent. By 2000 or more measurements, errors vanish entirely.
Supplement: On the Statistical-Symbolic Threshold Δ and its Operational Meaning
The statistical-symbolic threshold Δ ≥ 0.9999, as adopted in this study, is not arbitrary. It emerges empirically from repeated observations across multiple runs wherein the Δ values above this threshold consistently correlate with fully accurate symbolic reconstructions. To offer theoretical grounding, this threshold may also be interpreted in light of information theory: as Δ approaches 1, the binary entropy H(P(0)) approaches zero, implying maximal information gain and minimal uncertainty. Thus, Δ can be seen as an operational proxy for symbol certainty, and the threshold chosen represents a region of minimal ambiguity. We leave formal mutual information analysis for future extensions.
This appendix addresses the philosophical dimensions of meaning in the context of QESDC. Here, ‘meaning’ is defined operationally as the successful and repeatable reconstruction of symbolic patterns through structural asymmetry, rather than statistical-symbolic understanding in a human cognitive or linguistic sense.
From this perspective, QESDC represents an emergent form of symbolic communication wherein significance is inferred from reproducible statistical features. The interpretation does not require classical encoding statistical-symbolics or contextual interpretation. Thus, ‘meaning’ in QESDC is strictly structural and operational—a measurable alignment between encoded and decoded forms via Δ.
Supplement: No-Signaling Consistency and Operational Formalism
While the sender performs a measurement or not on qubit A, the receiver’s local state ρ_B remains unaffected in a single trial. This adheres to the no-signaling theorem, as Tr[Mρ_B^0] = Tr[Mρ_B^1] for all local POVMs M. However, across multiple entangled trials, a statistical pattern emerges in Δ that reflects the sender’s aggregate measurement choice. This does not violate no-signaling, as no single-shot communication occurs and the receiver cannot distinguish states without external synchronization. Formally, the operations can be described using CPTP maps and partial traces, ensuring locality is preserved.
Appendix S: No-Signaling Compliance in QESDC
QESDC maintains compliance with the no-signaling theorem by ensuring that the reduced density matrix for the receiver’s qubit (1B) remains invariant under different local operations at the sender’s side (1A). Specifically, whether sender A measures their qubit or not, the marginal distribution observed by receiver B remains statistically identical.
Formally, the trace condition Tr[Mρ₁] = Tr[Mρ₀] guarantees that no signaling occurs at the level of single-shot outcomes. However, over many trials, the collective Δ statistics exhibit structural bias, which forms the basis for symbolic decoding. This structure is post-selective and statistical, not causal, thus preserving quantum non-signaling principles.
